Amid intensifying attacks on the meaning of Zionism, Gideon Shimoni argues that Zionism is a diverse, evolving ideology rather than a single political position. To affirm it is to recognize Jews as a people entitled to self-determination, while still allowing profound criticism of Israel’s policies, leadership, and even its current state structure.

A Jewish refugee from Fascist Europe becomes a founder of modern molecular biology through pioneering work on viruses and genetics, while insisting that scientific freedom carries moral responsibility. His career weaves groundbreaking research with outspoken activism for democracy, equality, and peace, showing how science and conscience can shape one another.

Early Zionist thought framed Jewish claims to the Land of Israel as a moral argument of existential need, balanced against Palestinian claims. Since 1967, discourse has shifted toward a faith-based belief in divine, exclusive ownership. This transformation has fueled hyper-nationalist politics and intensified the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

The decline of strong, ethical leadership fuels global populism. Education fostering critical thinking and moral integrity is the solution.